DIGITAL FRAGMENTATION OF FAITH: POLARIZATION OF ISLAMIC UNDERSTANDING IN DIGITAL SPACES AND ITS SOCIETAL IMPLICATIONS FOR MUSLIM COMMUNITIES. Karimiyah: Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society, [S. l.], v. 5, n. 1, p. 33–48, 2025. DOI: 10.59623/w1bdg498. Disponível em: https://jurnaluidepok.id/index.php/karimiyah/article/view/59. Acesso em: 2 jul. 2026.